king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲗ̄): l. 2 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 2 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲉⲛ): l. 2 architriklinios (ⲟⲇⳡ ⲇⲁⲩⲟⲩⲣ): l. 3 tot of Ngissin-Nga (ⳟⲥ̄ⲥⲛ̄ ⳟⲁⲛ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 3 (or 'son of Ngissin Ngal') triklinios of Douksi (ⲇⲟⲩⲅⲥⲛ̄ ⲟⲇⳡⲟⲇ): ll. 3–4 ikshil (ⲉⲕ̄ϣⲗ̄): l. 4; (ⲉⲕ̄ϣⲓ): l. 6 potentiary (?) of Ngopko and Sikkoti (ⳟⲟⲡⲕⲟⲇⲇⲉ ⲥⲕ̄ⲕⲟⲧⲗ̄ⲇⲉⲕⲉⲛ ⲣ̄ⲧ): l. 4 abba (ⲡⲁⲡⲟ): l. 5 bishop of Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲓⲗⲓⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ): l. 5 eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ): l. 6 ngeshsh of domestikos (ⲥⲁⲙⲉⲧⲛ̄ ⳟⲉϣϣ): l. 7 ngeshsh of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲛ̄ ⲅⲟⲩⲛ ⳟⲉϣϣ): l. 7 meizoteros (ⲇⲁⲩⲕⲁⲧⲧ): l. 11 priest (ⲥⲟⲣⲧⲟ): l. 11 tot of Adindan (ⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲇⲁⲛⲛ̄ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 11 tot of Ionngal (ⳟⲁⲛ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 12 (P. QI 3 31: ⲡⲁⲡⲓⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⳟⲁⲛ· ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄̄ⲗⲟ, ‘and Papi, Tot of Nga(l)’; NOM 4, no. 1b: ⲡⲁⲡⲓ ⲉⲓⲟⲛⳟⲁⲛ· ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄̄ⲗⲟ, ‘Papi, son of Ionngal’ or 'Papi, tot of Ionngal') ngeshsh of Istigi (ⲉⲓⲥⲧⲓⲅⲛ̄ ⳟⲉϣϣ): l. 13 (P. QI 3 31: ⲙⲁⲙⲉ ⲉⲥ̄ⲧⲓⲡⲛ̄ ⳟⲉϣϣⲗ̄ⲗⲟ, ‘Ngeshsh of Mame-Eistipi’; NOM 4, no. 1c: ‘Mame, ngeshsh of Istigi’) deacon (ⲇⲓⲁ̇ⲕⲟⲛ): l. 15
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟ): l. 2 Ngissin-Nga (ⳟⲥ︦ⲥⲛ︦ ⳟⲁ): l. 3 (or personal name?) Douksi (ⲇⲟⲩⲅⲥⲛ︦): l. 3 Ngopko (ⳟⲟⲡⲕⲟ): l. 4 Sikkoti (ⲥⲕ︦ⲕⲟⲧⲗ︦): l. 4 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲛ︦ ⲅⲟⲩⲗ): l. 5; (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ︦): l. 6; (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲛ︦ ⲅⲟⲩⲛ): l. 7 Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲓⲗⲓⲙⲛ︦): l. 5 Adindan (ⲁⲧⲛ︦ⲇⲁⲛ): l. 11 Ionngal (ⲉⲓⲟⲛⳟⲁⲛ): l. 12 (P. QI 3 31: ⲡⲁⲡⲓⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⳟⲁⲛ· ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄̄ⲗⲟ, ‘and Papi, Tot of Nga(l)’; NOM 4, no. 1b: ⲡⲁⲡⲓ ⲉⲓⲟⲛⳟⲁⲛ· ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄̄ⲗⲟ, ‘Papi, son of Ionngal’ or 'Papi, tot of Ionngal') Paras (= Faras) (?) (ⲡⲁⲇⲥⲓ): l. 13 Istigi (ⲉⲓⲥⲧⲓⲅⲛ︦): l. 13 (P. QI 3 31: ⲙⲁⲙⲉ ⲉⲥ̄ⲧⲓⲡⲛ̄ ⳟⲉϣϣⲗ̄ⲗⲟ, ‘Ngeshsh of Mame-Eistipi’; NOM 4, no. 1c: ‘Mame, ngeshsh of Istigi’)
Plumley 1975b, pp. 6–7, pl. 2.1; Plumley 1978, passim; Osman 1982, passim; Browne 1998c, p. 22; Bechhaus-Gerst 2000, p. 18; Łajtar 2006a, p. 95; Hendricx 2011, pp. 47–48; Wojciechowski 2011, passim (on prosopography of Archive 3); Ruffini 2012a, passim, esp. pp. 14–19, 265–270 (generally on Archive 3); Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, p. 221 (no. 14); Ruffini 2014a, n. 4 on p. 961; NOM 4, no. 2 (on ll. 3–4, 12, & 13)
house 177, room 2, in jar beneath floor (Archive 3)
Excavation no.
NI 74.1.30.6(3) (74/14.3)
Present location
unknown
Museum no.
Medium
manuscript
Technique
painted
Type of text
document: legal
Language
Greek/Old Nubian
Content
deed of land sale by Shirepi to Nasri; king Mouses Georgios appearing
Date
probably 1155–circa 1180
Notes
'official Nubian protocol'
Material
leather
Object dimensions
H: 41.2; W: 21.8
Text dimensions
Object colour
Text colour
black
Lines
28
Height of letters
Description
no photo available
Decorative elements
State of preservation
apparently complete
Date
probably 1155–circa 1180
Chronological systems
king's occurrence
Dating formulae
: ⲅⲉⲱⲣⲅⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲗ̄ ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲁ̄ ⲉⲓⲛⲛ̄
Transcription
"King Georgios being king of Dotawo" (ll. 2–3)
Months
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲗ̄): ll. 2, 22 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): ll. 3–4 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟ): l. 4 triklinios of Ngo (ⳟⲟⲛ ⲟⲇⳡⲟⲇ): l. 5 triklinios of Douksi (ⲇⲟⲩⲅⲟⲩⲥⲛ̄ ⲟⲇⳡⲟⲇ): ll. 5–6 great scribe (ⲥⲟⲩⲛⲧⲓⲉ̇ ⲇⲁⲩⲟⲩⲣ): ll. 6–7 epistolary scribe (ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲓⲛ ⲥⲟⲩⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉ̇): l. 7 oikonomos (ⳟⲟⲕⲕⲁ ⲣ̄ⳡⲓⲣ): l. 8 doug( )ikshil (ⲇⲟⲩ⸌ⲅ⸍ ⲉⲕ̄ϣⲗ̄): l. 9 (P. QI 3 32: ‘ikshil of Douksi’) eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ): l. 10 domestikos of Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲙⲧ): l. 10 silentiary (ⲅⲟⲧⲧⲁⲙⲉⲧⲧ): l. 11 goush of Arminna (ⲁ̇ⲇⲓⲙⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛ ⲅⲟⲩϣ): ll. 12–13 chief (ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛ): l. 18 choiakishshil (ⲕⲓⲁ̇ⲕϣ̄ϣⲗ̄): l. 22 priest in retinue of King Georgios (ⲅⲉⲱⲣ⸌ⲅ⸍ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲛ̄ ⳦ⲧⲟⲛ ⲁⲕⲓⲇⲉⲗⲗⲟ): ll. 22–23
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟ): l. 3 Ngo(l) (ⳟⲟ): l. 5 Douksi (ⲇⲟⲩⲅⲟⲩⲥⲛ︦): ll. 5–6; (ⲇⲟⲩ⸌ⲅ⸍): l. 9 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲓⲛ ⲅⲟⲩⲗ): ll. 8–9; (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ︦): l. 10; (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲛ︦ ⲅⲟⲩⲗ): l. 11 Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥ): l. 10 Koupanni (ⲕⲟⲩⲡⲁⲛⲛⲓ): l. 13 Amikke East (ⲁ︦ⲙⲕ︦ⲕⲉ ⲙⲁⲧⲧⲟ): ll. 13–14 Mosmosi (ⲙⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥⲛ︦): l. 23
Plumley 1975b, pp. 6–7, pl. 2.1; Plumley 1978, passim; Plumley 1981, p. 8; Osman 1982, passim; Łajtar 1992a, pp. 123–124 (no. 4); Satzinger 1995, col. 423; Browne 1998c, p. 22; Bechhaus-Gerst 2000, pp. 17, 18, 19; Hendricx 2011, pp. 48–51; Wojciechowski 2011, passim (on prosopography of Archive 3); Ruffini 2012a, passim, esp. pp. 14–19, 265–270 (generally on Archive 3); Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, p. 221 (no. 15); Deptuła 2015, p. 131 with n. 46; NOM 4, no. 3 (on ll. 18–20)
"Moise Georgios, king, papelli, being king of Dotawo" (l. 2)
Months
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲟⲩ): l. 2; (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲛ̄): l .12 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣ⸌ⲟⲩ⸍): l. 2 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 3 architriklinios (ⲟⲇⳡⲟⲇ ⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣ): l. 3 abba (ⲡⲁⲡⲟ): l. 3 bishop of Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ): ll. 4, 13 eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ): l. 4 domestikos of Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲛ̄ ⲥⲁⲙⲉⲧ): ll. 4–5 ngeshsh of domestikos (ⲥⲁⲙⲧⲓⲛ ⳟⲉϣϣ): l. 5 meizoteros (ⲇⲁⲩⲕⲁⲧⲧ): l. 6 timakkis (ⲑⲓⲙⲁⲕⲓⲍ̄ⲓ): l. 13 chief (ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛ): l. 14 priest (⳦ⲉ): l. 15 (x2) lector (ⲁ̇ⲛⲁ⸌ⲅ̣⸍): l. 15 (P. QI 33: ⲇⲁⲩⲧⲓⲁ̄ⲛⲁ, ‘Dautiana’; NOM 4, no. 4c: ⲇⲁⲩⲧⲓ ⲁⲛⲁ⸌ⲅ̣⸍, ‘Dauti, lector’) deacon (ⲇⲓⲁ⸌ⲕ⸍): l. 16; (ⲇⲓⲁ⸌ⲕ⸍ⲛⲟ): l. 16 ngeshsh of Koudketi (ⲕⲟⲩⲇⲕⲉⲧⲓⲛ ⳟⲉϣϣ): l. 17 'meske' of bishop (?) (ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥⲛ̄ ⲙⲉⲥⲕⲉⲗ): l. 17 (P. QI 3 33: ⲙⲉⲇⳝⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥⲛ̄ ⲙⲉⲥⲕⲉⲗⲗⲟ, 'the servant of Papasi, Meskel'; corr. NOM 4, no. 4d) great priest (⳦ⲉ ⲙⲉ⸌ⲅ⸍): l. 19
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟ): l. 2 Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗⲙⲛ︦): ll. 4, 7, 13 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ︦): l. 4 Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥ): ll. 4–5 Koudketi (ⲕⲟⲩⲇⲕⲉⲧⲓ): l. 17
Adams - Alexander - Allen 1983, p. 54; Adams 1996, p. 243 (translation); Khalil – Müller 1999, p. 21; Bechhaus-Gerst 2000, pp. 23–25 (for 'soulou'); Ruffini 2012a, pp. 207–212 (no. B); Ruffini 2014a, n. 4 on p. 961; Ruffini 2014b, pp. 226, 227; Weschenfelder 2015, pp. 287–288, 296–299
Browne 1992c, p. 383; Browne 1995a, p. 456; Adams 2010, p. 246 (translation); Browne 1998c, p. 22; Ruffini 2012a, pp. 228–229; Łajtar 2020b, Appendix no. QI85 (cf. p. 195)
'official Nubian protocol' the name of Georgios reconstructed in Browne 2000d
Material
leather
Object dimensions
H: 16; W: 26
Text dimensions
Object colour
Text colour
Lines
17
Height of letters
Description
rectangular piece of leather
Decorative elements
State of preservation
fragmentarily preserved; right part lacking; a few lacunas; in poor condition; roughly legible in places
Date
probably 1150–1199
Chronological systems
king's occurrence
Dating formulae
[ⲅⲉⲱⲣⲅⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲉⲗ̄ ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲁ̄ ⲉⲓⲛⲛ̄]
Transcription
"[King Georgios being king of Dotawo]" (l. 1)
Months
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 2 architriklinios ([ⲟⲇⳡⲟⲇ]ⲁ ⲇⲁⲩⲟⲩⲣ): l. 2 chief (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ⸌ⲛ⸍): l. 7 (or anthroponym?) keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩ[ⳟ]): l. 3 priest (⳦): l. 11 ouataphil (ⲟⲩⲁⲧⲁⲫⲓⲗ): l. 11
Adams 1970, p. 149; Adams 1994, p. 310; Adams – Adams 1998, p. 88; Browne 2003d, pp. 11–13; Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, p. 228 (no. 33); NOM 3, no. 15 (on l. 7)
Griffith 1913, pp. 53–5; Zyhlarz 1928, pp. 188–9; Khalil 1990, pp. 267–71
Other publications
Monneret de Villard 1935–57: 1, p. 101; Monneret de Villard 1938, pp. 117, 141; Plumley 1978, pp. 239–40; Munro-Hay 1982/3, p. 131; Browne 1989b, pp. 216–19; Browne 1998c, p. 25; Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, p. 227 (no. 31)