"when it was day 19 (of the month of) Pauni, when it was 9 (day) of the moon" (l. 1) "King Georgiou Basileos Dauid being king of Dotawo" (l. 3)
Months
ⲡⲁⲩⲛⲏ
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲟ⸌ⲩ⸍ⲧⲁⲩⳣⲱ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 3 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟ): l. 4 property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲧⲉϣϣ): l. 4 ngeshsh of Atwa (ⲁⲧⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁ ⳟ̣ⲉϣϣ): l. 5 bishop of Toungoul (= Dongola) (ⲧⲟⲩⲅⲅⲗ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲥ): l. 5 great eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓ ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ ⲇⲁⲩⳣⲓⲣ): l. 6 meizoteros of Adauou (ⲁⲇⲇⲁⳣⲏ ⲇⲁⲩⲅⲁⲧⲧ): l. 6 deputy of eparch (ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ ⳣⲥ̄ⲕⲧ̄ⲧ): l. 7 abba (ⲁⲡⲡⲁ): l. 7 bishop of Phrim (= Ibrim) (ⲉ̇ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟ̣ ⲉ̣ⲫⲣⲉⲙ): l. 7 tot of Arallou Island (ⲁⲣⲁⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧ̣ⲓ): l. 8 vice-eparch (ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ ⲙⲁⲣⲣ): l. 8 bishop of Kourte (ⲕ̣ⲟⲩⲣ̣⸌ⲧ⸍ ⲡⲁⲡⲥ): ll. 8–9 algou (ⲁⲗⲅⲟⲩ): l. 9 ngeshsh of Koudketi (ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲕⲉⲧⲓ ⳟⲉϣϣ): l. 9 (P. QI 4 67: 'Kourketi being ngeshsh'; corr. NOM 4, no. 20b) goush (ⲅⲟⲩϣϣ): l. 10 asti (ⲁⲥⲧⲗ̄): l. 10; (ⲁⲥ̣ⲧ̣ⲓ): l. 17 eparch (ⲥⲟⳟ̣ⲟ̣ⳝ): l. 12 kostatneti? (ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲛⲉⲧ̣ⲓ̣ⲗⲟ): ll. 23–4; (ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲛⲉ̣ⲧⲓⲗⲟ): ll. 24–5 (or anthroponym?) tot of Slave Island (?) (ⲟ̣ϣ̣ϣ̣ⲓ̣ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲓ): ll. 26–7; (ⲟϣϣ̣ⲓ̣ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲓ): ll. 27–8
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲟ⸌ⲩ⸍ⲧⲁⲩⳣⲱ): l. 3 Soulou (ⲥⲩⲣⲟⲩⳣⲓ): l. 4 Atwa (ⲁⲧⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁ): l. 5 Toungoul (= Dongola) (ⲧⲟⲩⲅⲅⲗ̄): l. 5 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓ): l. 6 Adauou (ⲁⲇⲇⲁⳣⲏ): l. 6 Phrim (= Ibrim) (ⲉ̇ⲫⲣⲉⲙ): l. 7 (x2) Arallou Island (ⲁⲣⲁⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ): l. 8 Kourte (ⲕ̣ⲟⲩⲣ̣⸌ⲧ⸍): l. 8 Koudketi (ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲕⲉⲧⲓ): l. 9 (P. QI 4 67: as personal name; corr. NOM 4, no. 20b) Great Kousi (?) (ⲕⲟⲩⲥ̣ⲓ̣ ⲇⲁⲩⳣⲓⲗ): ll. 18–19; (ⲕⲟ̣ⲩⲥⲥⲏ ⲇⲁⲩⳣⲓⲗ): ll. 21–2 Koutti (?) (ⲕⲟⲩⲧⲧⲓ): l. 22 Slave Island (?) (ⲟ̣ϣ̣ϣ̣ⲓ̣ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ): ll. 26–7
Plumley 1975a, pp. 105–6; Plumley 1978, pp. 234–5; Godlewski 1996, p. 38; Ruffini 2012a, passim; Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, p. 206; Ruffini 2013, passim, esp. pp. 182–3; Łajtar 2015b, p. 243; Weschenfelder 2015, pp. 297–9; NOM 4, no. 20 (on names in ll. 4, 9, 10, 17, 20, 23, 24–25)
"when it was Pachon 1, when it was 27th (day) of the moon ... King David being king (?)" (ll. 1–2)
Months
ⲡ̣ⲁⲭⲟⲛⲛ
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king ([ⲟⲩⲣⲟ]ⲩ̣ⳣⲏ): l. 2; (ⲟ̣[ⲩⲣⲟⲩ]ⳣ): l. 2 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛ̣ⲉ̣ⲛ̣): ll. 2–3 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟ): l. 3 property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲧⲉϣ̣[---]): l. 3 triklinios (ⲁⲗⳡⲟⲣ): l. 3 scribe (ⲥⲟⲩⲛ̣⸌ⲧ⸍): l. 4 bishop of Toungoul (= Dongola) (ⲧⲟⲩ̣ⲅ̣ⲅ̣ⲗ̣ ⲡ̣ⲁⲡⲥⲁ̣): l. 4 great eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⳟⲟ̣ⳝ ⲇⲁⲩⲣ): l. 4 meizoteros of Adauou (ⲁⲇⲇⲁⳣⲛ ⲇ̣[ⲁⲩⲕ]ⲁ̣ⲧ): l. 5 deputy of eparch (ⲥ̣[ⲟⳟ]ⲟ̣ⳝⲛ̄ ⳣⲥ̄ⲕⲧ̄ⲧ): l. 5 deputy of domestikos of Paras (= Faras) (ⳣ̣ⲓⲟⲩ ⲉⲓⲥⲕⲧ̄ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲏ ⲥⲁⲙⲙ̣ⲁⲧⲁ): l. 5 bishop of Phrim (= Ibrim) (ⲫⲣ̄ⲉ̄ⲙ̄ ⲭⲁⲏ[ⲗ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟ]): l. 6; (ⲉⲡⲥ̣̄ⲕ̣ⲟ̣ⲡⲟ ⲫⲣ̄ⲉ̄ⲙ̄): l. 20 tot of Allou Ⲓsland (ⲁ̣ⲗ̣ⲗ̣ⲟ̣ⲩ̣ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲓ): l. 6 vice-eparch (ⲥⲟⳟ̣ⲟⳝ ⲙ̣ⲁ̣ⲣ̣): l. 6 ngeshsh of Koudketi (ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲕⲉⲧⲓ ⳟⲉ̣ϣ[---]): l. 7 (P. QI 4 69: 'Kourketi being ngeshsh'; corr. NOM 4, no. 22b) tot of Ase (ⲁⲥⲥⲏ ⲧⲟⲧⲓ): l. 7 eparch (ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ): ll. 8, 12; (ⲥⲟ̣ⳟⲟ̣ⳝ): l. 14 priest (ⲥ̣ⲟ̣ⲣ̣⸌ⲧ̣⸍): l. 13
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Toungoul (= Dongola) (ⲧⲟⲩ̣ⲅ̣ⲅ̣ⲗ̣): l. 4 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ︦): l. 4 Adauou (ⲁⲇⲇⲁⳣ): l. 5 Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲏ): l. 5 Phrim (= Ibrim) (ⲫⲣ̄ⲉ̄ⲙ): l. 6; (ⲡ̣ⲣ̣ⲉⲙ): l. 15; (ⲫⲣ̄ⲉ̄ⲙ̄): l. 20 Allou island (ⲁ̣ⲗ̣ⲗ̣ⲟ̣ⲩ̣ ⲁⲣⲧⲓ): l. 6 Koudketi (ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲕⲉⲧⲓ): l. 7 (P. QI 4 69: as personal name; corr. NOM 4, no. 22b) Ase (ⲁⲥⲥⲏ): l. 7 Kourte (ⲕⲟⲩⲣⲧⲉⲕⲏ): l. 10; (ⲕⲟⲩⲣ⸌ⲧ⸍ⲕⲏⲛⲏ): l. 11
open courtyard of the W fortifications, in sealed jar (Archive 1)
Excavation no.
unknown
Present location
unknown, probably Egypt
Museum no.
EA 90232A
Medium
manuscript
Technique
painted
Type of text
document: legal
Language
Old Nubian
Content
legal document of unknown contents; king Georgios Simon appearing
Date
27 November 1280–26 December 1280
Notes
'official Nubian protocol' The opening of the text in line 1, where Ruffini edits ‘indistinct traces’, can be read with a relative security as [† ⲡⲁⲡⲗ̄ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ] ⳟ̣ⲁ̣ⲗⲇ̣ⲉ ⲟⲛ̣ ⲥ̣ⲉⲩ̣ⲁ̣ⲣ̣ⲧⲟ̣ⲩ [ⳟⲥ̄ⲥ]ⲗ̣̄ⲇ[ⲉⲕⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⳟⲥⲓⲗⲟ] ⲡ̣ⲁ̣ⲣ̣[ⲧⲁⲕⲟⲛⲁ], ‘† It is written in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit’.
Material
leather
Object dimensions
not recorded
Text dimensions
Object colour
Text colour
black
Lines
c. 20
Height of letters
Description
fragment of rectangular piece of leather; text written along longer edges
Decorative elements
State of preservation
incomplete and heavily obliterated; large lacunae in central and lower parts; only upper part partly legible
Date
27 November 1280–26 December 1280
Chronological systems
Era of the Martyrs lunar calendar Egyptian calendar king's occurrence
"when it was (year) 997 from the Martyrs, when it was 9th (day) of the moon, [when it was] Choiak [---]" (ll. 1–2) "Georgios Simon ‘paril’ being King of Dotawo" (ll. 3–4)
Months
ⲭⲟⲓⲁⲕ̣
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⳣⳣⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 keeper of granaries (ϣ̣ⲟ̣ⲩ̣ⳟ): l. 4 (P. QI 4 70a: ̣ ̣ ̣ⳟⲁ; corr. NOM 4, no. 23a) queen mother ([ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ]): l. 4 any joknashi (ⲁ̣ⳡ̣ⲗ̄ ⲇⲟⲅⲛ̄ⲛⲁϣ̣ϣⲓ): l. 4 great property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲧⲁ̣ϣ̣ⲉ̣ⲓ̣ ⲇⲁⲩ̣ⲟ̣ⲓ̣ⲣ̣): l. 5 king (ⲟ̣ⲩ̣ⲣⲟⲩ): l. 5 scribe (ⲥⲟⲩⲛ[---]): l. 6 (P. QI 4 70a: ⲇ̣ⲟⲗⲗⲅⲓⲥⲟⲩⲛ, left untranslated; NOM 4, no. 23b: ⲇ̣ⲟⲗⲗⲏ ⲥⲟⲩⲛ[---], ‘Dolli, scribe [---]) bishop of Lower Silmi (= Ibrim) (?) ([ⲥⲓⲗ]ⲙ̣ⲛ̄ ⸌ⲧⲁⳣⳣⲟⲛ̣⸍ ⲡ̣ⲁ̣ⲡⲁ[ⲥ]ⲁ̣): l. 8 (P. QI 4 70a: not transcribed; read by G. Ochała on the basis of the photo)
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⳣⳣⲟ): l. 3; (ⲇ̣ⲱ̣ⲧⲁⳣⳣⲟ): l. 5 Lower Silmi (= Ibrim) (?) ([ⲥⲓⲗ]ⲙ̣ⲛ̄ ⸌ⲧⲁⳣⳣⲟⲛ̣⸍): l. 8 (P. QI 4 70a: not transcribed; read by G. Ochała on the basis of the photo)
open courtyard of west fortifications, in sealed jar (Archive 1)
Excavation no.
unknown
Present location
unknown, probably Egypt
Museum no.
EA 90227
Medium
manuscript
Technique
painted
Type of text
document: legal
Language
Old Nubian
Content
deed of land sale by Ishkil to Gourresi; king Georgoios Simon appearing
Date
after 1280–before 1295
Notes
'official Nubian protocol'
Material
leather
Object dimensions
H: 35; W: 70
Text dimensions
Object colour
Text colour
black
Lines
19
Height of letters
Description
roughly rectangular piece of leather; text written along longer edges
Decorative elements
State of preservation
nearly complete; small crack in left central part; minor lacunae in lower left part
Date
after 1280–before 1295
Chronological systems
king's occurrence
Dating formulae
ⲅ̣ⲉ̣ⲱⲣⲅⲓⲟⲩ ⲥⲩⲙⲱⲛ ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩⲁ̇ ⲉⲓⲛⲛ̄
Transcription
"King Georgios Simon being King of Dotawo" (l. 2)
Months
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 2 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 2 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟ): l. 2 any joknashi (ⲁ̇ⳡⲗ̄ ⳝ̣ⲟⲕⲛⲁϣⲓ): ll. 2–3 great property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲧⲁϣⲉⲓ ⲇⲁⲩⲟⲩⲣ): l. 3 property manager (?) of Agi (ⲁ̇ⲅⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣ⸌ⲧ⸍ϣⲉⲓ): l. 3 great scribe (ⲥⲟ̣ⲩ̣ⲛ̣ⲧⲟⲩ̣ⲉ ⲇⲁⲩⲣ): ll. 3–4 eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ): l. 4 chief of island (ⲁⲣⲧⲛ̄ ⲟⲩⲣ): l. 13 tot of Ase (ⲁⲥ̣ⲛ̣̄ ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄ⲗⲟ): l. 18 (P. QI 4 65: ⲁⲥ̣ⲧ̣ⲕ̣ⲧⲗ̄ⲗⲟ; corr. G. Ochała) tot of Ado (ⲁ̇ⲇⲱⲛ ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄ⲗⲟ): l. 18 (P. QI 4 65: ⲁ̇ⲇⲉ̣ⲥⲛ ⲧⲟⲧⲁ̄ⲗⲟ; corr. G. Ochała) bishop of Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥⲗ̄): l. 19
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲱ): l. 2 Agi (ⲁ̇ⲅⲛ̄): l. 3 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̄): l. 4 Kasa East (ⲙⲁⲧⲧⲟ ⲕⲁⲥⲁ): l. 6 (church of) Archangel Michael (ⲭ̄ⲡ̄ⲑ̄ ⲁⲅ⸌ⲅ⸍ⲗⲗⲟ): l. 8 (church of the Four Living) Creatures of the town (ⲇⲡ̄ⲡⲛ̄ ⲁ̇ⳡⲉⲗⲅⲟⲩⲛ): l. 8 (church of) Michael (ⲙⲓⲭⲁⲏⲗ̣): l. 9, 11 (x2) (church of) Kollouthos (ⲕⲟⲗ⸌ⲗ⸍ⲑⲟⲥⲥⲓⲛ): l. 9 (church of) Peter (ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲱⲥⲛ̄): l. 10 Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁ): ll. 11, 15; (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥ): l. 19 (church of) Apostle (ⲁ̇ⲡⲟⲥ⸌ⲧ⸍ⲥⲛ̄): l. 12 Amikke (ⲁ̇ⲙⲕ̄ⲕⲉ): l. 12 (church of) Raphael (ⲣⲁⲫⲁⲏⲗ): l. 14 Ase (ⲁⲥ̣ⲛ̣̄): l. 18 (P. QI 4 65: ⲁⲥ̣ⲧ̣; corr. G. Ochała) Ado (ⲁ̇ⲇⲱⲛ): l. 18 (P. QI 4 65: ⲁ̇ⲇⲉ̣ⲥⲛ; corr. G. Ochała)
Plumley 1975a, pp. 105–6; Plumley 1978, pp. 234–5; Łajtar 2011, p. 50; Ruffini 2012a, passim; Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, pp. 206, 211; Ruffini 2013, passim, esp. pp. 183–8; NOM 4, no. 18 (on names in ll. 4 & 9); NOM 5. no. 1 (reedition of ll. 15–19)
"when it was Athyr 4, 6 (or 26) (day) of the moon, day [...], when it was (year) 1003 from the Martyrs, King Simon being the king of Dotawo" (ll. 1–2)
Months
ⲁⲑⲩ̄︤ⲣ︥̄
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 2 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 2 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 2 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟ): l. 2 any joknashi (ⲁ̣ⳡⲉ ⳝⲟⲕⲛⲁϣⲓ): l. 3 property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲧⲁϣⲉⲓ): l. 3 great scribe (ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲉ̇ ⲇ̣ⲁⲩⲣ): l. 3 bishop of Toungoul (= Dongola) (ⲧ̣ⲟⲩⲅⲅⲟⲗ̣ⲛ̣ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥⲟ): ll. 3–4 eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓ ⲥⲟⳟ̣ⲟⳝ): l. 4 bishop of Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ̄ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ): ll. 4, 9 arapi to town (ⲇⲡ̄ⲡⲕ̄ ⲁ̣ⲣ̣ⲁ̣ⲡ̣ⲗ̄): l. 4 domestikos (ⲥⲁⲙⲉⲧⲓ): l. 7 goush of Ado (ⲁ̇ⲇⲱⲛ ⲅⲟⲩϣ): l. 9 tot of She (ϣⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲧⲗ̄): l. 10 priest (ⲥⲟⲣ⸌ⲧ⸍): l. 10
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲱ): l. 2 Toungoul (= Dongola) (ⲧ̣ⲟⲩⲅⲅⲟⲗ̣): l. 3 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓ): l. 4 Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ︦ⲙⲛ︦): l. 4 (church of) Gabriel (ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ): l. 4 (church of) Kollouthos (ⲕⲟⲗ⸌ⲗ⸍ⲑⲟⲥⲥⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲗⲟ): l. 6; (ⲕⲟⲗ⸌ⲗ⸍ⲑⲟⲥⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲗⲟ): l. 6 (church of) Merkourios of the valley (ⲡⲁⲣⲕⲛ̄ ⲙⲉⲣ⸌ⲕ⸍ⲟ̇ⲥⲗ̄ⲗⲟ): l. 8 Ado (ⲁ̇ⲇⲱ): l. 9 She (ϣⲉ): l. 10
Plumley 1975a, pp. 105–6, fig. 6; Plumley 1978, pp. 234–5; Łajtar 2011, p. 50; CSCN, table 41 on p. 310; Ruffini 2012a, passim; Ruffini 2013, passim, esp. pp. 183–8; Łajtar 2015b, p. 243; NOM 4, no. 17 (on names in ll. 6 and 9–10)
"when it was (year) 1050 from the Martyrs, when it was Choiak 14, when it was the .3rd (day) of the moon, when it was the day of the Small Fast (= Wednesday), King Siti being King of Dotawo" (ll. 2–3)
Months
ⲭⲟⲓ⸌ⲕ⸍ⲕⲁ
Weakdays
ⲟⲩⲕⲣ̄ⲣⲁ ⲙⲥ̄ⲥⲉⳟⲟ
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): ll. 3, 9 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟⲓⲣ): l. 3 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 4 any joknashi (ⲁ̇ⳡ ⳝⲟⲕⲛⲁϣⲓ): l. 4 property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣ⸌ⲧ⸍ϣⲉⲓ): l. 4 great scribe (ⲥⲟⲩⲛ ⲇⲁⲩⲣ): l. 5 triklinios (ⲟⲣⳡⲟⲣ): l. 5 epistolary scribe (ⲉ̇ⲡⲟⲗⲛ̄ ⲥⲟⲩⲛⲧⲟⲩⲉ̇): ll. 5–6 ngeshsh of Atwa (ⲁ̇ⲧⲟⲩⲁ ⳟⲉϣⲉⲓ̣): l. 6 bishop of Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ̄ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡ̣ⲥ): ll. 6–7 meizoteros (?) of Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ̄ⲙⲛ̄ ⲇⲁⲩ ̣ ̣ ̣): l. 7 get (?) (ⲅⲉⲧ̣ⲗ̣̄): l. 8 ikshil (ⲉⲕ̣̄ϣ̣ⲓ̣): l. 10 tot of Ket (?) (ⲕⲉⲧⲛ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 11 tot of Amgo (ⲁⲙⲅⲟⲛ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 11 tot of Apati (?) (ⲁ̣̇ⲡⲁⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲗⲟ): l. 12 (or 'son of Apati; P. QI 4 68: ⳝ̣ⲉ̣ⲙ̣ⲉⲗ̣ⲏⲙⲁⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲗⲟ, ‘Jemelēmati (?), the ‘tot’’; NOM 4, no. 21c: ⲁ̣̇ ̣ⲕ̣ⲓ̣ⲉⲡⲏ ⲁ̣̇ⲡⲁⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲗⲟ, ‘A.kiepi, tot/son of Apati[?]’) priest (ⲥⲟⲣ⸌ⲧ⸍): l. 13 tot of ..me ( ̣ ̣ⲙⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 13
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟ): l. 3 Atwa (ⲁ̇ⲧⲟⲩⲁ): l. 6 Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ̄ⲙⲛ̄): ll. 6, 7 Keti (?) (ⲕⲉⲧ): l. 11 Amgo (ⲁⲙⲅⲟ): l. 11 Apati (?) (ⲁ̣̇ⲡⲁⲧⲓ): l. 12 (or an anthroponym: P. QI 4 68: ⳝ̣ⲉ̣ⲙ̣ⲉⲗ̣ⲏⲙⲁⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲗⲟ, ‘Jemelēmati (?), the ‘tot’’; NOM 4, no. 21c: ⲁ̣̇ ̣ⲕ̣ⲓ̣ⲉⲡⲏ ⲁ̣̇ⲡⲁⲧⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲗⲟ, ‘A.kiepi, tot/son of Apati[?]’) ..me ( ̣ ̣ⲙⲉ): l. 13
Plumley 1975a, p. 106; Plumley 1978, pp. 234–5; Plumley 1981, p. 6, n. [*]; Łajtar 2011, p. 49; Ruffini 2012a, passim; Ruffini 2013, passim, esp. pp. 188–90; Seignobos 2015, p. 184; NOM 4, no. 21 (on names in ll. 7, 10–11, 12)
open courtyard of the W fortifications, in sealed jar (Archive 1)
Excavation no.
unknown
Present location
unknown, probably Egypt
Museum no.
EA 90225
Medium
manuscript
Technique
painted
Type of text
document: legal
Language
Old Nubian
Content
deed of land sale by Ismale to Ionngoka and Kasla; King Ioel appearing
Date
14 November 1463
Notes
'official Nubian protocol' year 1180 follows a leap year, which is why monthly date is one day later; lunar day incorrect – 14 days later than Alexandrian cycle
Material
leather
Object dimensions
not recorded
Text dimensions
Object colour
Text colour
Lines
13
Height of letters
Description
irregular piece of leather; text written along longer margins; lower part left empty
Decorative elements
State of preservation
complete
Date
14 November 1463
Chronological systems
Era of the Martyrs lunar calendar Egyptian calendar king's occurrence
"when it was (year) 1 (thousand) hundred 80 (= 1180 from the Martyrs, when it was Athyr 17, when it was the 14th (day) of the moon (...). King Ioel being King of Dotawo" (ll. 2–3)
Months
ⲁ̇ⲑⲩ︥︦ⲣ̄
Weakdays
Feasts
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Offices & titles
king (ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 king of Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ): l. 3 queen mother (ⳟⲟⲛⲛⲉⲛ): l. 4 keeper of granaries (ϣⲟⲩⳟ): l. 4 property manager (?) (ⲟⲩⲣⲧⲉϣϣ): l. 4 architriklinios (ⲟⲇⳝⲟⲣⲏ ⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲣ): l. 5 eparch of Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲛⲅⲟⲩⲛ ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ): ll. 5–6 bishop of Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ̄ⲙⲛ̄ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ): l. 6 tot of Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲏⲛ ⲧⲟⲧ): l. 11
Toponyms & ethnonyms
Dotawo (ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲟⲩ): l. 3 Nobadia (ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲛⲅⲟⲩⲛ): l. 5 Silmi (= Ibrim) (ⲥⲗ︦ⲙⲛ︦): l. 6 Paras (= Faras) (ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲥⲏ): l. 11
Frend 1968, p. 324; Frend 1972, pp. 228–9; Frend 1974, pp. 42–3; Plumley 1975a, pp. 105–6; Plumley 1978, pp. 234–5; Plumley 1982b, p. 110; Munro-Hay 1982/3, p. 131; Frend 1996, pp. 309-10, pl. before p. 317; CSCN, table 41 on p. 310; Ruffini 2012a, passim; Nowak – Wojciechowski 2012, p. 228 (no. 34); Ruffini 2013, pp. 182, 185, 186